Evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and minimal intervention associated with deproteinisation in permanent teeth with molar incisor hypomineralisation: study protocol for a clinical, controlled, blinded trial.

INTRODUCTION: Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a qualitative defect of enamel development that occurs in the mineralisation phase. MIH affects one or more permanent molars and, occasionally, permanent incisors. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the clinical effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on permanent teeth with MIH through decontamination and sensitivity control. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients from 8 to 12 years of age with permanent molars will be randomly allocated to three groups. Group 1: selective chemical-mechanical removal of carious dentinal tissue around the walls of the cavity with Papacárie Duo and a curette followed by the application of aPDT and deproteinisation with Papacárie Duo; group 2: selective removal of carious dentinal tissue around the walls of the cavity with a curette, followed by the application of aPDT and deproteinisation with a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution; group 3: selective removal of carious dentinal tissue using a curette. The selected teeth must have a carious lesion in the dentin and posteruptive enamel breakdown on one or more surfaces with an indication for clinical restorative treatment. The teeth will subsequently be restored using a mixed technique with resin-modified glass ionomer cement and bulk-fill composite resin. The data will be submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. Associations with age and sex will be tested using either the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Pearson's correlation coefficients will be calculated to determine the strength of correlations between variables. Comparisons of the microbiological results (colony-forming units) will be performed using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis will be performed to assess the performance of the restorations. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Nove de Julho University (certificate number: 61027522.0.0000.5511/approval date: 23 August 2022). The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05443035.

Photobiomodulation and glass ionomer sealant as complementary treatment for hypersensitivity in molar incisor hypomineralisation in children: protocol for a blinded randomised clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Photobiomodulation has been widely used as a complementary treatment for dentin hypersensitivity, with reports of clinical success. However, the literature offers only one study, in which photobiomodulation was used for the treatment of sensitivity in molars with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). The aim of the proposed study is to determine whether photobiomodulation enhances the results of treatment with glass ionomer sealant on molars with MIH that present sensitivity. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study involves 50 patients from 6 to 12 years of age that will be randomly allocated in two groups. Group 1 (control group) (n=25): toothpaste with a concentration of fluoride ≤1000 ppm two times a day, glass ionomer sealant and sham low-level laser (LLL) and group 2 (n=25): toothpaste with a concentration of fluoride ≤1000 ppm two times a day, glass ionomer sealant and active LLL. The evaluations will involve MIH record, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Schiff Cold Air Sensitivity Scale (SCASS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) before the procedure. Immediately after the procedure, the hypersensitivity index (SCASS/VAS) will be registered. Records of OHI and SCASS/VAS will be registered after 48 hours as well as 1 month after the procedure. The persistence of the sealant will also be registered. It is expected that by the second consultation, a decrease in sensitivity will be observed due to the treatments received in the two groups. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by the local medical ethical committee (certificate: CEUCU 220516). The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05370417.

Radiolucência intracoronal pré-eruptiva (PECR) de um segundo molar permanente. relato de caso / Pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucency (PECR) of a permanent second molar. case report

Introdução: A Radiolucência intracoronal pré eruptiva (PECR) é um achado radiográfico, com aspecto de lesão radiolúcida na dentina coronária, adjacente a junção amelodentinária, em dentes não irrompidos. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de possível reabsorção intracoronal pré-eruptiva com destruição extensa de dentina e envolvimento pulpar de um segundo molar permanente recém-erupcionado. Método: Após definição do diagnóstico, optou-se por um tratamento conservador, com a realização de capeamento pulpar direto com a finalidade de manutenção da vitalidade pulpar e término de formação das raízes. Resultado: Após o tratamento, paciente permaneceu assintomática no controle de quinze dias, com teste de vitalidade normal e sem sinais de inflamação. Conclusão: A interpretação cuidadosa do exame radiográfico é crucial para a detecção precoce e manejo adequado dessas lesões.

Pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucency (PECR) is a radiographic finding, with the appearance of a radiolucent lesion in the coronary dentin, adjacent to the dentinal-enamel junction, in unerupted teeth. Objective: To report a case of possible pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption with extensive dentin destruction and pulpal involvement of a newly erupted second permanent molar. Method: After defining the diagnosis, a conservative treatment was chosen, with direct pulp capping in order to maintain pulp vitality and end root formation. Result: After treatment, the patient remained asymptomatic in the fifteen-day control, with normal vitality test and no signs of inflammation. Conclusion: Careful interpretation of the radiographic examination is crucial for early detection and proper management of these lesions.

Comparison of the effects of 2 frequencies of application of photobiomodulation on facial rejuvenation: Controlled, randomized, and double-blind clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Skin aging is an irreversible, slow and progressive process, mainly influenced by age, but also by external factors such as ultraviolet radiation, smoking, and alcohol, among others. It is increasingly common to look for procedures that slow down skin aging by limiting or hiding its effects on appearance. Studies have shown the benefits of photobiomodulation (PBM) for the skin, especially with the use of red light-emitting diodes. However, there is a high level of variability in the treatment parameters and frequency of application. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of PBM with a light-emitting diode mask (660 nm, 6.4 mW/ cm², 8,02 J/ cm², 5.02 mW, 21 minutes) on facial rejuvenation using 2 frequency applications for 4 weeks: one group will receive PBM application on the face, twice a week and another group will receive PBM application 3 times a week. A group with simulated PBM applied twice a week for 4 weeks will be used as a control. The treatment will be performed on female participants aged between 45 and 60 years. After 4 weeks, evaluations of photographic images by specialists (Wrinkle Assessment Scale) as well as the quantitative analysis of the wrinkle size by the Image J software, the depth and width of wrinkles (assessment of face impressions by optical coherence tomography) and the level of Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall will be compared with data collected before the start of the study. All data will be analyzed statistically according to their distribution, seeking a level of statistical significance of 0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Nove de Julho University (acceptance number: 4.365.565). This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04911140). This study is recruiting.

Preventive effect of remineralizing materials on dental erosion lesions by speckle technique: An in vitro analysis.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effect of different materials on dental erosion lesions by speckle coherent light scattering analysis. Forty bovine teeth were divided in the following groups (n = 10): 1) DURA- Preventive Treatment with Fluoride Varnish (Duraphat, Colgate-Palmolive); 2) ELX- Preventive treatment with Elmex® Erosion Protection Toothpaste (GABA International AG, Therwil, Switzerland); 3) MP- Preventive treatment with MI Paste® (GC America); and 4) REG- Preventive Treatment with Regenerate Enamel Science™ (Unilever). For all groups, each sample was divided into 3 areas: non-treatment (control); preventive treatment + erosive challenge; non-treatment + erosive challenge. The erosive challenge was carried out using Sprite® Zero soft drink (pH 2.58). After the erosive challenge, the samples were evaluated by speckle coherent light scattering method in the eroded area compared to the sound area. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between eroded area with and without preventive treatment, however, there was no statistically significant difference among the different preventive materials tested.

The effects of photodynamic therapy with blue light and papain-based gel associated with Urucum, on collagen and fibroblasts: a spectroscopic and cytotoxicity analysis.

Papacarie Duo™ is clinically used and has proven effectiveness; however, it is necessary to improve its antimicrobial action. The combined treatment of Papacarie Duo™ with Urucum (Bixa Orellana) could create a potential tool for dental caries treatment; its extract obtained from the seeds' pericarp contains a water-soluble primary pigment (cis-bixin) with smaller amounts of other carotenoids. The dicarboxylic acid salts of cis-norbixin and trans-norbixin occur in heated alkaline solutions. To analyze the absorption spectra and cytotoxicity (with human dermal fibroblasts) in different concentrations of Urucum, associated or not with Papacarie Duo™, we performed this in vitro study. The effects of pure Urucum, Papacarie Duo™, and PapaUrucum™ on the microstructure of collagen were also analyzed. The application of papain-based gel with Urucum did not present cytotoxicity, its exhibit UV absorption spectrum peak around 460 ± 20 nm. Also, it showed that the compound used did not alter the chemical structure of collagen. Consequently, this product could be used as a chemomechanical method to remove dentin caries as well as being a potential product for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) application.

"Efficacy of photodynamic therapy on the treatment of herpes labialis: A systematic review".

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of PDT in the management of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). STUDY DESIGN: systematic review. METHODS: This study was reported according to the PRISMA checklist and we performed a literature search on five databases. RESULTS: The search revealed that there are no published clinical trials addressing PDT on RHL, therefore we conducted a review of case reports and five studies were included for qualitative review. The number of treated patients varied from 2 to 6 in each article. Most studies used methylene blue as a photosensitizer, while one used 5-aminolevulinic acid. For light irradiation, most studies used laser and one used a red light from halogen lamp. Patients' follow-up varied from 24 h to 12 months. All articles reported good outcomes with resolution of disease and no recurrences. Only one study reported adverse effects during treatment (burning and pain). CONCLUSION: The results of this review suggest that PDT could be an effective treatment for herpes labialis. However, due to very few case reports and heterogeneity among protocols, there is a call for well-designed randomized clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of this therapy and to establish standardized protocols. The review protocol was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD CRD42018108973.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization-controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a change in the formation of dental enamel of systemic origin that affects at least one of the first 4 permanent molars and usually affects incisors. During the eruption, the affected surfaces tend to fracture, exposing the dentin, which causes excessive sensitivity in addition to making the region very susceptible to the appearance of carious lesions. The objective of this research will be to evaluate the clinical effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in permanent teeth with severe and sensitive MIH. METHODS: The methodology will be based on the selection of patients from 6 to 12 years of age with permanent molar teeth, randomly divided in 2 groups. The selected teeth should have MIH on the occlusal surface, indicated for clinical restorative treatment. In Group 1, aPDT will be applied for the treatment of infected dentin. Afterward, the teeth will be restored with high viscosity glass ionomer cement. In Group 2, the removal of the softened dentin around the side walls of the cavity with sharp dentine curettes and posterior restoration with high viscosity glass ionomer cement will be performed. All patients will have clinical and radiographic follow-up with a time interval of 6 and 12 months. The data obtained will be submitted to descriptive statistical analysis to evaluate the association of categorical variables. Chi-square test and Fisher exact test will be applied, to analyze the correlation between the continuous variables, Pearson correlation test will be applied. For the analysis of dentin density in the scanned radiographic images and the microbiological results for colony-forming units, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis will be applied. DISCUSSION: Often in the presence of severe MIH, the presence of dentin sensitivity is also associated with caries lesion, making it even more necessary to respect the principles of minimal intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03904641.

Evaluation of the treatment of halitosis with photodynamic therapy in older patients with complete denture: Protocol for a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Halitosis is the term used to define an unpleasant odor emanating from the mouth. However, no studies have evaluated the causes and treatment of halitosis in the population of older adults with denture. METHODS: A randomized, controlled trial is proposed. The patients will be divided into 2 groups: G1: older adults who wear complete dentures and will be treated with tongue scraper (n = 20); G2 older adults who wear complete dentures and will be treated with PDT (n = 20). If the halitosis persists, the participants will be submitted to hygiene procedures for the mucosa and dentures. The evaluation of halitosis will be made before and after treatments, with OralChroma. If the halitosis is solved, the participants will return after 1 week for an additional evaluation. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) will be administered by a calibrated examiner on the day the patient history is taken (baseline) and 1 week after treatment for halitosis. DISCUSSION: This protocol will determine the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy regarding the reduction of halitosis in older adults with complete denture. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This protocol was registered in ClinicalTrial.gov, under number NCT03960983. It was first posted and last updated in May 23, 2019. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03960983.

Photomodulation in the treatment of chronic pain in patients with temporomandibular disorder: protocol for cost-effectiveness analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological data show that the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) start becoming apparent from 6 years of age, and during adolescence these signs and symptoms are similar to those of adults. The present study aims to estimate the direct costs for treatment of chronic muscle pain with photobiomodulation therapy, occlusal splint and placebo in patients with TMD; to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy and occlusal splint for treatment of muscle pain in patients with TMD; to analyse the cost-effectiveness of the two proposed treatments for pain; and to describe and compare the results of the analyses of these treatments. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a prospective trial of clinical and economic analyses that will include 135 patientswith TMD aged between 15 years and 25 years, randomly assigned to a treatment group: G1 (photobiomodulation), G2 (occlusal splint) and G3 (placebo). The analyses will be based on the cost of each treatment during the 12-month period. The outcome of the analysis of effectiveness will be pain, measured periodically by means of clinical examination of Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. The cost-effectiveness ratio will be calculated using, as end points, pain and the ratio of the differences in costs between the groups studied. The evaluation of the impact of the treatment on quality of life will be determined by applying the adapted EuroQol-5D. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been ethically approved by the local medical ethical committee, protocol number 2.014.339. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03096301.

Infrared Laser Improves Collagen Organization in Muscle and Tendon Tissue During the Process of Compensatory Overload.

BACKGROUND: The photobiomodulation using the low-level laser therapy (LLLT) exerts a positive modulating effect on the synthesis of collagen in skeletal muscles and tendons. However, few studies have addressed this effect during the compensatory overload. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of infrared laser on the deposition and organization of collagen fibers in muscle and tendon tissue during compensatory overload of the plantar muscle in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were submitted to bilateral ablation of the synergist muscles of the hind paws and divided in groups: Control, Hypertrophy, and Hypertrophy (H)+LLLT (780 nm, 40 mW, 9.6 J/cm2 and 10 s/point, 8 points, total energy 3.2 J, daily), evaluated at 7 and 14 days. Muscle cuts were stained with Picrosirius-Red and hematoxylin-eosin and tendon cuts were submitted to birefringence for determination of collagen distribution and organization. RESULTS: After 7 days an increase was observed in the area between beam muscles in H+LLLT (25.45% ± 2.56) in comparison to H (20.3% ± 3.31), in mature fibers and fibrilis in H+LLLT (29346.88 µm2 ± 2182.56; 47602.8 µm2 ± 2201.86 respectively) in comparison to H (26656.5 µm2 ± 1880.46; 45630.34 µm2 ± 2805.82 respectively) and in the collagen area in H+LLLT (2.25% ± 0.19) in comparison to H (2.0% ± 0.15). However, after 14 days a reduction was observed in the area between beam muscles in H+LLLT (13.88% ± 2.54) in comparison to H (19.1% ± 2.61), in fibrils and mature fibers in H+LLLT (17174.1 µm2 ± 2563.82; 32634.04 µm2 ± 1689.38 respectively) in comparison to H (55249.86 µm2 ± 1992.65; 44318.36 µm2 ± 1759.57) and in the collagen area in H+LLLT (1.76% ± 0.16) in comparison to H (2.09 ± 0.27). A greater organization of collagen fibers in the tendon was observed after 7 and 14 days in H+LLLT groups. CONCLUSIONS: Infrared laser irradiation induces an improvement in collagen organization in tendons and a reduction in the total area of collagen in muscles during compensatory atrophy following the ablation of synergist muscles.

The Effects of Photobiomodulation Delivered by Light-Emitting Diode on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth: A Study on the Relevance to Pluripotent Stem Cell Viability and Proliferation.

OBJECTIVE: Photobiomodulation (PBM) can modulate the proliferation of some types of stem cells. However, few reports have addressed the effects of PBM delivered by light-emitting diode (LED) on stem cells obtained from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PBM delivered by red LED (630 nm, 75 mW, 37 mW/cm2) with different radiant exposures on the cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential, and senescence of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cultures were irradiated with LED (2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 J/cm2). After 24 h, the cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential of the cultures were evaluated using flow cytometry. Nonirradiated cultures served as control. RESULTS: Cultures irradiated with 16 J/cm2 had higher percentages of cells in the synthesis phase than control cultures (p < 0.05), and no significant differences were found regarding the percentage of cells with viable mitochondria between irradiated and control cultures. No significant difference in cell senescence was found between control cultures and cultures irradiated with 2 or 16 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS: LED irradiation at 630 nm (37 mW/cm2, 75 mW) with radiant exposure of 16 J/cm2 was capable of inducing a proliferative response in stem cells from the pulp tissue of deciduous teeth without affecting mitochondrial function or inducing senescence.

Choosing between intraoral or extraoral, red or infrared laser irradiation after impacted third molar extraction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Swelling and trismus are complications experienced by nearly all subjects after undergoing oral surgery for the removal of impacted teeth. The main purpose of this paper was to compare the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at two different wavelengths applied intra-orally and extra-orally on facial swelling and trismus in the postoperative period following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty subjects were randomly divided into five groups, taking into account the type of laser therapy applied after surgery (intraoral or extraoral irradiation with 660 nm laser; intraoral or extraoral irradiation with 808 nm; and sham irradiation). Two and seven days after the surgery, two blinded evaluators measured the subjects' faces (swelling), and mouth opening (trismus). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant interaction between the irradiation site and wavelength (swelling and trismus were smaller if the red laser was applied intra-orally or if infrared laser was applied extra-orally). The intra-group analyses showed that 808 nm laser applied extra-orally favored reductions in postoperative facial swelling and trismus, although the inter-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Besides energy parameters, the combination of irradiation site and wavelength drive the results of phototherapy after the removal of impacted teeth. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:511-518, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Immediate results of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.

UNLABELLED: Light with or without chemical agents has been used to induce therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. With photodynamic therapy, the antimicrobial effect is confined to areas covered by a photosensitive dye and irradiated with light. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents through the analysis of volatile sulfur compounds, especially sulfide. A controlled, clinical trial was conducted with 45 adolescents randomly allocated to three groups: group 1, photodynamic therapy administered to the dorsum of the tongue; group 2, treatment with a tongue scraper; and group 3, treatment with a tongue scraper combined with photodynamic therapy. The diagnosis of halitosis was performed using gas chromatography before and after treatment. Comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test, with the level of significance set at 5 % (p < 0.05). After treatment, a statistically significant reduction in halitosis was found in all groups (p < 0.001). The greatest reduction in total sulfides (median = 0) occurred with the combination of tongue scraper and photodynamic therapy. The present study describes a novel option for the treatment of halitosis in adolescents with an immediate effect that does not involve the mechanical aggression of the lingual papillae that occurs with conventional treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Photodynamic Therapy in Adolescents Halitosis ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02007993?term=NCT02007993&rank=1 )Number: NCT02007993FUNDING:FAPESPNumber: 2013/13032-8.

Computerized analysis of the distribution of occlusal contacts in individuals with Parkinson's disease and temporomandibular disorder.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a sample of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to analyze the distribution of occlusal contacts. METHOD: The sample was composed of patients with PD aged 50-75 years. Temporomandibular disorder was evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The distribution of occlusal contacts was determined using the portable T-Scan III® occlusal analysis system during maximum voluntary clenching. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association between TMD and occlusal contact symmetry. RESULTS: Forty-two individuals with PD were analyzed. The prevalence of TMD was 23.8%. No statistically significant association was found between TMD and occlusal contact symmetry. Moreover, no significant difference in the distribution of occlusal contacts was found between the groups with and without TMD. DISCUSSION: The present data suggest no association between TMD and occlusal contact asymmetry in individuals with PD. CONCLUSION: The results of this study identified a prevalence of 23.8% of TMD signs in subjects with PD and a high frequency of occlusal asymmetry in this sample.

Effect of low-intensity laser treatment on pain after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomised, controlled, clinical trial.

Extraction of impacted third molars is painful, so we have evaluated whether low-intensity laser could reduce the pain. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to five groups that were treated with laser immediately after extraction. Postoperative pain was evaluated after two and seven days. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess whether the distribution was normal, and as it was skewed, the Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons were used to compare the groups. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons of pain (measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) 101 between the second and seventh postoperative days). Probabilities of less than 0.05 were accepted as significant. We conclude that a single session of low intensity laser had no significant effect on the amount of pain under the conditions investigated.

Measurement of effective remnant power in low intensity laser after passage through the buccinator muscle in anatomical human hemifaces / Determinação da potência efetiva remanescente após a passagem do laser de baixa intensidade através do músculo bucinador em peças anatômicas/hemifaces

Objective: To determine the effective remnant power after the passage of low intensity laser of two different wavelengths (660 and 780 nm) through buccinator muscle in anatomical hemifaces. Methods: Five human hemifaces were dissected, and a laser was shone in the central region of the muscle with a receiver placed on the opposite side. The hemifaces were irradiated using the same dosimetric parameters (40 mW, 1 W/cm2, continuous mode, 0.04 cm2) and at the same point in every muscle; remnant power was measured for each irradiation. Results: The average remnant power after irradiation with 660 nm (149 ± 15 µW) light was significantly lower (p<0.0001) than with that of 780 nm (380 ± 40 µW). Conclusion: The LIL of 780 nm presented greater remnant power in comparison to the 660 nm laser after passage through the buccinator muscle, indicating the latter ́s greater penetration capacity.

Objetivo: Determinar a potência remanescente após a passagem do laser de baixa intensidade em dois comprimentos de onda (660 e 780 nm) através do músculo bucinador em peças anatômicas dissecadas. Métodos: Dissecaram-se cinco hemifaces humanas expondo o músculo bucinador. Aplicou-se o laser na região central de cada músculo, e o receptor, para aferir a potência remanescente, foi posicionado na superfície intraoral contrária. As hemifaces foram irradiadas nos mesmos parâmetros dosimétricos (40 mW, 1 W/cm2, modo contínuo, 0,04 cm2) e no mesmo ponto em cada músculo, sendo a potência remanescente aferida a cada repetição. Resultados: A potência média restante após as irradiações de 660 nm (149 ± 15 µW) foi menor (p <0,0001) que com as irradiações de 780 nm (380 ± 40 µW). Conclusão: O LBI de 780 nm apresentou maior potência remanescente que o LBI de 660 nm, após passagem pelo músculo bucinador, denotando sua maior capacidade de penetração.

Impact in oral health and the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in a group of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze oral health according to the severity of the disease. [Methods] Signs and symptoms of TMD were evaluated using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, and oral health impact was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile. The unpaired Student's t-test was used to compare groups with and without TMD. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine correlations between the level of functional independence and oral health impact. Fisher's exact test was used to test the association between TMD and the severity of symptoms of PD. [Results] Fifty-nine individuals with PD were analyzed. The prevalence of TMD was 20.33%. No statistically significant associations were found between TMD and the severity of PD. Oral health impact was considered weak, but a statistically significant difference between groups with and without TMD was found for psychological disability (p = 0.003). No significant correlation was found between the level of functional independence and oral health impact. [Conclusion] The prevalence of TMD among patients with Parkinson's disease was 20.33%. A statistically significant difference between groups with and without TMD was found regarding the psychological disability domain.

Avaliação da relação entre disfunção temporomandibular e dimensão vertical de oclusão em crianças de 7 A 12 anos / Evaluation of the association between temporomandibular disorder and vertical dimension of occlusion in children and adolescents aged seven to 12 years

Objetivo verificar se existe relação entre a presença de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) relacionada à variabilidade da dimensão vertical de oclusão em crianças e adolescentes na faixa etária de 7 a 12 anos. Métodos foram avaliadas 96 crianças e adolescentes do Instituto Rogacionista em São Paulo. A pesquisa diagnóstica da disfunção temporomandibular foi por meio do Índice de Helkimo e exame clínico posterior. Para a mensuração dos dados referentes à dimensão vertical foram empregadas as distâncias comissura labial - canto externo do olho e base do nariz – mento. A comparação dos valores médios das medidas antropométricas entre os gêneros e os grupos com e sem disfunção temporomandibular foi realizada empregando-se a análise de variância (ANOVA) complementada pelo teste least significance diference. Resultados a dimensão vertical de oclusão demonstrou medidas distintas nas crianças e adolescentes em todas as faixas etárias avaliadas, foram observadas alterações significantes dessa medida nas idades de 10 e 12 anos de ambos os gêneros. Conclusão pode -se concluir que na amostra estudada houve relação direta entre a presença  de DTM e  Dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO), correlação positiva entre as medidas  comissura labial – canto do olho externo e Násio – Mento no sexo feminino e alterações significantes na dimensão vertical de oclusão nas idades de 10 e 12 anos para ambos os sexos. .

Purpose to establish the relationship between the presence of temporomandibular disorders and variability of vertical dimension of occlusion aged between 7 and 12 years. Methods it was analyzed 96 children and adolescents of Rogacionista Institute in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The diagnostic investigation of temporomandibular disorders was through Helkimo index and subsequent clinical examination. To measure the data on the vertical dimension were employed distances labial - corner of his eye and nose base - ment. To compare the mean values of anthropometric measurements between genders and the groups with and without TMD, we used analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by least significance diference test. Results the vertical dimension of occlusion showed distinct measures in children and adolescents in all age groups studied, significant changes were observed for this measure at ages 10 and 12 years of both genders. Conclusion we can conclude that in this sample there was a direct relationship between TMD and DVO, positive correlation between the measures lip commissure – corner of eye and nasium - mentum in females and significant changes in the vertical dimension of occlusion at the ages of 10 and 12 years for both sexes. .

Association between respiratory problems and dental caries in children with bruxism.

CONTEXT: Bruxism is the habit of clenching or grinding one's teeth in non-functional activities and affects both children and adults alike. Respiratory problems, such as asthma and upper airway infections, are reported to be the etiological factors of bruxism. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between respiratory problems and dental caries in children who exhibit the habit of bruxism. SETTING AND DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient histories were taken and clinical exams were performed on 90 children for selection and allocation to one of two groups. For the determination of bruxism, a questionnaire was administered to parents/guardians and an oral clinical exam was performed based on the criteria of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Thirty-three male and female children between 4 and 7 years of age participated in the study - 14 children with bruxism and 19 children without bruxism. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square test, with level of significance set at 5% (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 5.73 years. The male gender accounted for 45.5% (n = 15) of the sample and the female gender accounted for 54.5% (n = 18). A statistically significant association was found between respiratory problems and dental caries among the children with bruxism. Seventy-seven percent of the children with bruxism had caries and 62.5% the children with respiratory problems exhibited the habit of bruxism. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be an association between bruxism, respiratory problems, and dental caries in children.